News South Africa

'Brain train' hope for ADD children

Jani Meyer|Published

Imagine seeing your brain in action, following brainwaves that indicate activity in various parts of the organ.

Now imagine that by concentrating you can make pieces of a puzzle appear, or a picture on a screen get bigger.

It may sound like science fiction, but this is technology developed to help children, adults, and sportsmen and women concentrate.

Durban based psychologist, Tim Harkness, a specialist in sports psychology, realised neuron-feedback training could assist children with attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD).

When Harkness started using the neuron-feedback programme he realised its potential to help children with ADD.

Neuro-feedback involves tracking brain activity by conducting an electroencephalogram (EEG), which records brainwaves to measure the level of electrical activity in the brain.

Brainwaves are measured in hertz - the frequency of waves or pulses or "cycles per second". The categories are beta, alpha, theta and delta.

Beta is associated with alertness, alpha with relaxed alertness, theta with daydreaming and delta with sleeping.

Neuron-feedback aims to stimulate beta waves by having people learn to concentrate.

Harkness explained that the cerebral cortex - the outer layer of the brain that regulated activity and concentration - was not fully developed in children with ADD.

He believed the cause of ADD could be found in the cortex and that the disorder delayed the growth of the cortex.

"With ADD the issue is not attention or the lack thereof, but an under-active cortex," he said.

An under-active cortex could lead to mood swings and an inability to concentrate.

Stimulating

Children and adults with ADD often fidget. Harkness said this was a coping strategy.

"They are jumping and twitching to wake themselves up. When a teacher (or parent) shouts at them it actually creates stimulation and beta activity in the brain," he said.

Delta and theta wave activity also indicate that a person could be predisposed to depression.

By stimulating beta activity a child can learn to arouse his or her own brain. This can happen after about 20 sessions of neuron-feedback therapy.

Although ADD has been researched for years - it affects between 5 and 10 percent of children - and there is an overwhelming amount of information available - as well as any number of quacks or very expensive programmes - and it is still a much debated field.

While many medical professionals might not agree with Harkness, he believes that an ADD/ADHD diagnosis could not be made without an EEG.

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, symptoms of ADD include being easily distracted, having trouble maintaining attention and being forgetful in daily activities.

However, Harkness said that with an EEG you could pinpoint the different brainwave activity and, by using neuron-feedback, teach the child to concentrate.

And neuron-feedback can be used by anyone who feels that they need to improve their concentration levels.

Because of the sensitivity of the waves, only the brain is used to manipulate the programme. No mouse or keyboard can be used as it can interfere with the EEG report.

In a neuron-feedback assessment electrodes are placed on both ears and the top of the head to measure brain activity while simple tasks like listening, looking and concentrating are carried out.

Harkness said because beta activity stimulated the body's happy hormone - dopamine - it is associated with a feeling of wellbeing.

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