Massive pre-Jurassic reptile had weaker bite than modern crocodiles, research has found

New research has found that the apex predators that roamed the earth 230 million years ago had a much weaker bite than previously thought. Supplied image.

New research has found that the apex predators that roamed the earth 230 million years ago had a much weaker bite than previously thought. Supplied image.

Published Aug 17, 2023

Share

Johannesburg - The apex predators that roamed the earth 230 million years ago had a much weaker bite than previously thought, a new study has found.

The research, conducted by palaeontologists from the University of Birmingham and published in The Anatomical Record, also found that the apex predators likely couldn’t crunch through bone to consume the entirety of their kills.

For the study, the palaeontologists recreated the original skull anatomy of Saurosuchus, a Late Triassic reptile that is the distant relative of modern crocodiles. Saurosuchus was thought to be an apex predator due to its size and diet, standing at between 5-8 metres in length and weighing over 250 kg.

However, the latest analysis of the skulls of the reptile and comparisons with the later well-known dinosaur Allosaurus found that despite their similar skull strengths, the earlier crocodile relative Saurosuchus had a much weaker bite than the dinosaurs that followed it. Saurosuchus would have had a bite with the force of 1015–1885 N, equivalent to modern crocodiles called gharials.

In comparison, the bites of other reptiles:

– Allosaurus: 3,572 N

– Saltwater crocodiles have a bite force of ~16,000 N

– Tyrannosaurus rex: 17,000-35,000 N

Dr Jordan Bestwick, vertebrate palaeontologist at the University of Birmingham and corresponding author of the paper, said that they found that Saurosuchus actually had an incredibly weak bite for its size and thus pre-dated animals in very different ways compared to later evolving dinosaurs.

“In fact, despite being one of the bigger lizards and an apex predator, the Saurosuchus had a bite that was on a par with the relatively measly bite of the gharial and much less powerful than more fearsome crocs and alligators around today,” he said.

“You would still have liked to leave Saurosuchus well alone, but they likely fed only on the soft fleshy bits of their kills as their bite wouldn’t have enabled them to crunch up bones.”

Careful eaters

Despite their relative size, Saurosuchus would have been a careful diner that used their back teeth to remove the flesh from their kills, the study suggests.

In contrast to later dinosaurs, the feeding behaviour of Saurosuchus is likely due to a weak bite and a more rectangular skull shape. Also these earlier reptiles had thinner bones in their noses compared to the later Allosaurus.

Dr Stephan Lautenschlager, Associate Professor in Palaeobiology at the University of Birmingham and senior author of the paper, explained that the Saurosuchus would certainly have been a fearsome reptile until it sat down to eat its prey, and we can see how evolutionary details in the skulls of these massive apex predators necessitated significant differences in eating behaviour.

“While dinosaurs that followed in the Jurassic period would have eaten the vast majority of their kills, Saurosuchus may have left more complete carcasses, which would have provided a secondary meal for carrion-feeding animals too.”

Meanwhile, Molly Fawcett, co-author of the paper, said that “it is truly amazing how similar the skulls of top predators in the Triassic period, the time before the domination of the dinosaurs, look compared to the well-known carnivorous dinosaurs such as the T. Rex.” “However, unexpectedly, we found that the bite power of these Triassic predators were far weaker compared to the post-Triassic dinosaurs.”

The Saturday Star